Understanding Snow Density
Snow density varies dramatically based on moisture content and compaction. This directly affects both avalanche risk and the load snow places on structures or snow bridges.
💡 Snow Density Ranges
Fresh powder: 30-100 kg/m³ | Settled snow: 100-300 kg/m³ | Wind-packed: 200-400 kg/m³ | Wet snow: 300-500 kg/m³ | Firn: 400-600 kg/m³ | Glacier ice: 800-900 kg/m³
Why Load Calculation Matters
- Avalanche safety: Weight of new snow plus settlement can trigger slides
- Snow bridges: Must support load of rescue team + victim
- Cornices: Massive overhangs can collapse under their own weight
- Structure assessment: Snow load on mountain huts and tents
Snow Angle of Repose
- Fresh powder: 30-38° (unstable, sluffs easily)
- Wind-packed: 45-55° (can hold steeper slopes)
- Wet snow: 38-45° (instability increases with water)
- Firn: 45-55° (more stable, summer conditions)